Essential Linux Commands for File Management

Managing files under Linux is a crucial element for any user wanting to get the most out of their operating system. Whether you’re a developer, system administrator, or just an enthusiast, knowing the basic commands can make your daily tasks significantly easier. This article covers the essential commands that will help you navigate, manipulate and manage your files efficiently.

Understand your work environment

Navigating the file system

Before manipulating files, it is important to know where you are in the system. The order pwd (print working directory) tells you your current location.

Change directory

Use the cd command

To navigate through the file system, the command CD (change directory) is essential. Here are some examples of use:

cd /path/full – Go to a specific directory via its full path.
cd folder_name – Move to a folder from the current location.
cd.. – Return to parent directory.
CD – Return directly to your personal directory.

List directory contents

Use the ls command

To view files and folders in your current directory, the command ls (list) is your ally. You can enrich it with options:

ls -l – List with details (permissions, size, date).
ls -a – Show hidden files.
ls -h – Change the display for a more human reading.

Create and manipulate files

The touch, cp and mv commands

The order touch is used to create an empty file or update the timestamp of an existing file. cp is used to copy files, while mv Allows you to move or rename files.

Order	Description
🆕 touch	Create an empty file or update its timestamp.
📄 cp	Copy one or more files to another location.
➡️mv	Move or rename a file.

Delete files and directories

Using rm and rmdir

When it’s time to delete files, the command rm (remove) is used, while for empty directories, rmdir is sufficient. Take these precautions into account:

Make sure you are not deleting critical files.
Use -f to force deletion without prompt.

Manage file permissions

Configure with chmod

Understanding permissions is essential for security. The order chmod allows you to change the access rights of a file or directory.

Create links between files

Use ln for references

Symbolic and hard links allow you to reference a file in multiple places. The order ln -s creates a symbolic link, while ln without option creates a hard link.

Share your experience!

Do you have any essential tips or commands that you use every day? Share your thoughts and comments below!